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Strandzha Nature Park ((ブルガリア語:Природен парк Странджа) ''Priroden park Strandzha'', also transliterated as Stranja Nature Park) is the largest protected area in Bulgaria spanning a territory of 1,161 km2 in the Strandzha Mountain in the extreme south-eastern corner of the country on the border with Turkey. It was established on 25 January 1995 to protect ecosystems and biodiversity of European importance, as well as the traditional cultural, historical and folklore heritage of the region. The altitude varies from 710 m on Gradishte Peak to 0 m at the Black Sea coast with average length of 50 km from west to east and 20 km from north to south. The nature park is situated in Burgas Province with two towns, Malko Tarnovo and Ahtopol, and several villages within its territory. It includes five nature reserves: Silkosiya, Sredoka, Tisovitsa, Uzunbodzhak and Vitanovo. Silkosiya is the oldest one in Bulgaria, established in 1933, and Uzunbodzhak is included in the World Network of Biosphere Reserves under the UNESCO Man and Biosphere Programme.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ouzounboudjak Biosphere Reserve )〕 The whole territory is part of the network of nature protection areas of the European Union, Natura 2000. Strandzha Nature Park falls within two terrestrial ecoregions of the Palearctic temperate broadleaf and mixed forest — the Balkan mixed forests and the Euxine-Colchic deciduous forests.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Ecoregions of Bulgaria )〕 Forests cover 80% of the park's area, with old-growth forest forming 30% of them. These woods are the last remaining temperate forests with evergreen laurel undergrowth in Europe.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha Nature Park: Introduction )〕 The park has the highest number of vertebrate species of all protected areas in Bulgaria, including 66 species of mammals, 269 species of birds, 24 species of reptiles, 10 species of amphibia and 41 species of freshwater fish, as well as 70 species of marine fish in the waters of the Black Sea. The invertebrate fauna is poorly researched and includes 84 Bulgarian endemic species, of which 4 are local, and 34 relict species.〔 The oldest traces of human habitation found in the territory of the park date from the Neolithic period in c. 6000 BC. By the mid-1st millennium BC Strandzha was inhabited by Thracian tribes, forming part of several Thracian kingdoms until the region was annexed by the Roman Empire in 45 AD. In the Middle Ages the area was contested between the Byzantine and the Bulgarian Empires until it was conquered by the Ottoman Turks in the late 14th century. After the Liberation of Bulgaria in 1878, Strandzha remained in the Ottoman Empire, which resulted in the 1903 Ilinden–Preobrazhenie Uprising by the local Bulgarian population. The region was liberated in 1912 during the First Balkan War. The rich history has left an important cultural heritage by several civilizations and folklore traditions unique for Bulgaria, such as Nestinarstvo that involves a barefoot dance on smouldering embers — a vestige from the pagan past. Traditional Strandzha wooden architecture from the mid-17th to the 19th century is preserved in the villages of Brashlyan and Kosti, as well as in the town of Malko Tarnovo. ==Park administration== Strandzha Nature Park was established on 25 January 1995 to protect ecosystems and biodiversity of European importance, as well as the traditional cultural, historical and folklore heritage of the region. Until then the protection of the region had been fragmentary by means of isolated nature reserves and protected areas. It is administered by a directorate based in Malko Tarnovo and subordinated to the Executive Forest Agency of the Ministry of Environment and Water of Bulgaria.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha Nature Park: Organization Structure and Administration )〕 The directorate implements the state policy for the management and control of the protected area, aiming at the long-term conservation of the unique nature and ensuring the sustainable social and economic development of the region. It monitors the management and conservation of the forests, as well of the game and fish resources. In addition, the park administration encourages local tourism and implements various initiatives on environmental protection.〔 The park falls within the International Union for Conservation of Nature management category V (protected landscape/seascape).〔 The whole territory of the park and the adjacent Black Sea waters are included in the European Union network of nature protection areas Natura 2000 under the code Strandzha BG0001007.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha )〕 Strandzha Nature Park is listed as an important bird and biodiversity area by BirdLife International.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha )〕 There are two information centres for visitors: in Malko Tarnovo and in Gramatikovo.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha Nature Park: Information Centre )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Strandzha Nature Park )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Strandzha Nature Park」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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